{"id":417,"date":"2017-12-04T13:20:53","date_gmt":"2017-12-04T15:20:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.usp.br\/land\/?page_id=417"},"modified":"2018-07-23T11:44:58","modified_gmt":"2018-07-23T13:44:58","slug":"dor-e-nocicepcao","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/dor-e-nocicepcao\/","title":{"rendered":"Nociception and Pain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #003366\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"> Pain has been defined by the <span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iasp-pain.org\/\">International Association\u00a0 for the Study of Pain<\/a><\/span> in 2016 as &#8221; an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or describe in terms of such damage&#8221; . Physiological pain is a body protective mechanism, in order to avoid injuries or tissue damage. Faced with tissue injuries pathological pain will provide the appropriate condition for the healing process.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Once installed the injury might come with the concept of pathological pain which, according to its origin, can be classified as nociceptive or neuropathic. Pain may also be classified according to the time the individual has been suffering from it as acute pain or chronic pain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The physiological component of pain is called nociception, which entails the proccess of\u00a0 neuronal transduction, synaptic transmission and modulation of neuronal signs generated as a response to an external noxious stimulus. In other words, it works as a three-neuron chain reaction, with first order neuron originating from the peripheral area and projecting itself towards the spinal chord, second order neuron ascends through the spinal chord and third order neuron projects itself to the cerebral cortex.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i.stack.imgur.com\/iZHSE.png\" alt=\"Resultado de imagem para first order neurons\" width=\"581\" height=\"730\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The first stage of nociception is decoding the mechanic, thermal and chemical stimuli onto electrical impulses through specialized neuronal terminal known as nociceptors.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/slideplayer.info\/7627560\/25\/images\/8\/Nociception+Perception+Modulation+Transmission+Transduction+Pain.jpg\" alt=\"Resultado de imagem para nociception transduction modulation\" width=\"823\" height=\"617\" \/><\/p>\n<p>O primeiro processo da nocicep\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a decodifica\u00e7\u00e3o de sensa\u00e7\u00f5es mec\u00e2nica, t\u00e9rmica e qu\u00edmica em impulsos el\u00e9tricos por terminais nervosos especializados denominados nociceptores. Os nociceptores s\u00e3o termina\u00e7\u00f5es nervosas livres dos neur\u00f4nios de primeira ordem, cuja fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 preservar a homeostasia tecidual, assinalando uma inj\u00faria potencial ou real. Os neur\u00f4nios de primeira ordem s\u00e3o classificados em tr\u00eas grandes grupos, segundo seu di\u00e2metro, seu grau de mieliniza\u00e7\u00e3o e sua velocidade de condu\u00e7\u00e3o: Fibras A\u03b2, Fibras A\u03b4 e Fibras C. Uma vez instalado o est\u00edmulo nociceptivo, diversas altera\u00e7\u00f5es neuroend\u00f3crinas acontecem, promovendo um estado de hiperexcitabilidade do sistema nervoso central e perif\u00e9rico.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pain has been defined by the International Association\u00a0 for the Study of Pain in 2016 as &#8221; an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or describe in terms of such damage&#8221; . Physiological pain is a body protective mechanism, in order to avoid injuries or tissue damage. Faced with<a href=\"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/dor-e-nocicepcao\/\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":616,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-417","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/616"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=417"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/417\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":799,"href":"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/417\/revisions\/799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/land.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}